The open-loop control system and closed-loop control system are the two types of control systems that you will learn in this article with the help of 4 practical examples from your daily life. Before going to the details, you must understand what is a control system. What … [Read more...] about Open Loop and Closed Loop Control System (4 Practical Examples Included)
Projects
Miniature cells and Batteries – Silver Oxide, Mercury and Lithium Cells
In recent years, cells and batteries—especially cells—have become available in many different sizes and shapes besides the old cylindrical cells, transistor batteries and lantern batteries. In this article, you will learn about three types of miniature cells and batteries. … [Read more...] about Miniature cells and Batteries – Silver Oxide, Mercury and Lithium Cells
Constant Current Driver Design based on LM317
Using a resistor to limit the current can be used for small LEDs. For such low power LEDs, where the supply current is not critical it works okay. But for high-power Light Emitting Diodes, a better way is to use the Constant Current Driver.As the name suggests, the constant … [Read more...] about Constant Current Driver Design based on LM317
Automatic Irrigation System Using Arduino
In this project, we will make an automatic irrigation system using Arduino microcontroller. Automatic Irrigation system monitors the soil moisture and depending on set points turns on/off the pump which is connected to the relay. This way you can keep soil moisture to a set … [Read more...] about Automatic Irrigation System Using Arduino
Arduino DC Digital Voltmeter
A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. Analog voltmeters move a pointer across a scale in proportion to the voltage of the circuit; digital voltmeters give a numerical display of voltage by use of … [Read more...] about Arduino DC Digital Voltmeter
Controlling a Servo Motor with Arduino
A servomotor is also defined as a rotary actuator that allows for very fine control of angular positions. This article explains controlling a servo motor with Arduino in detail. Many servos are widely available and quite cheap. Servos can drive a great amount of current. This … [Read more...] about Controlling a Servo Motor with Arduino
Electric Potential, Potential Difference and EMF
In this article, you will study what are electric potential, the potential difference (PD) and electromotive force (emf) and the difference between them. Just as a body raised above the ground has gravitational potential energy, similarly, a charged body has electric potential … [Read more...] about Electric Potential, Potential Difference and EMF
Arduino based Automatic Light Controller
The automatic light controller offers energy saving and convenience in the areas with a photosensor (LDR). LDR senses the ambient light conditions in the surrounding area and switches ON-OFF the lighting load. The darkness level in the surrounding is settable. It is in-built … [Read more...] about Arduino based Automatic Light Controller