Gas-insulated substations (GIS) have been used in power systems over the last three decades because of their high reliability, easy maintenance, small ground space requirement, etc. This article is an …
As per IEC 60947, switchgears with rated voltages up to 1000 V ac and 1500 V dc are termed as low voltage switchgear. The term ‘switchgear’ is a generic term …
We have already given an introduction to substation earthing system in an article published earlier. Today we are going to discuss the design of substation earthing system. Before 1960s the …
Most of the relays used in the power system operate by virtue of the current and/or voltage supplied by current and voltage transformers connected in various combinations to the system …
What is a Static Relay? There are two basic classifications of relays – Electromechanical Relays and Solid State Relays (Static relay). One main difference between them is electromechanical relays have …
Definition The ratio of output in kWh to the input in kWh of a transformer over a 24-hour period is known as all day efficiency. ηall-day = Output in kWh …
Primary and Back-up Protection Primary protection (Main protection) is the essential protection provided for protecting an equivalent/machine or a part of the power system. As a precautionary measure, addition protection …
What is Load Forecasting? Electrical energy cannot currently be stored in large amounts. It has to be generated whenever there is a demand for it. It is, therefore, imperative for …
We have already discussed the working of electrical relays. Now we are going through different types of electrical relays. There are two basic classifications of relays: Electromechanical Relays Solid State …
In this article, we are going to study the basics of low voltage circuit breaker design and construction. The operation and arc extinction of different types of circuit breakers were …
The difference in level between points of supports and the lowest point on the conductor is called sag in overhead transmission lines. Sag in Hot and Cold Day While erecting …
What is Corona? The phenomenon of violet glow, hissing noise and production of ozone gas in an overhead transmission line is known as the corona. In this article, we will study …
We usually think of an electric power system in terms of its more impressive parts – the big generating stations, transformers, high-voltage lines, etc. While these are some of the basic elements, …
What is IEC 61850? IEC 61850 is a standard for the design of electrical substation automation. It is the base for all developments in substation automation. IEC 61850 is a …
The gas turbine power plant obtains its power by utilizing the energy of burnt gases and air, which is at high temperature and pressure by expanding through several rings of …
An “air break switch’ is a switchgear device that uses air as the dielectric. Air Break Switches (ABS) are widely installed throughout distribution networks for use as both isolation or …
