# Circuit Breaker Ratings

- Link: https://studyelectrical.com/2014/06/circuit-breaker-ratings.html
- Published: 2014-06-24T05:11:00+00:00
- Author: 

The **rating of circuit breaker** is given according to the duties that are performed
by it. For complete specifications, standard rating and various tests of switches
and circuit breakers IS 375/1951 may be consulted.

A [circuit breaker](http://www.studyelectrical.com/2014/05/circuit-breaker-operating-principle-and.html)
is required to perform the following three major duties.

 * It must be capable of opening the faulty circuit and breaking the fault current.
   This is described as breaking capacity of a circuit breaker
 * It must be capable of being closed on to a fault. This refers to making capacity
   of a circuit breaker
 * It must be capable of carrying fault current for a short time while another circuit
   breaker is clearing the fault. This refers to short time capacity of the circuit
   breaker.

In addition to the above ratings, a circuit breaker should be specified in terms
of 

 * _**Rated voltage**:_ the rated maximum voltage of a circuit breaker is the highest
   rms voltage, above nominal system voltage ,for which circuit breaker is designed
   and is the upper limit for operation. The rated voltage is expressed in kV rms
   and refer phase to phase voltage for three phase circuit.
 * _**Rated current:**_ the rated normal current of a circuit breaker is the rms
   value of the current which the circuit breaker shall be able to carry at rated
   frequency and at the rated voltage continuously, under specified condition.
 * _**Rated frequency:**_ the rated frequency of a circuit breaker is the frequency
   at which it is designed to operate.
 * **_Operating Duty_**:  the operating duty of a circuit breaker consist of the
   prescribed number of unit operations at stated intervals.

## Breaking capacity:

Breaking current is the RMS value of current that a circuit breaker is required 
to break at the instant of contact separation. The symmetrical breaking current 
is the RMS value of its symmetrical component. If however, at the instant of contact
separation, the wave is still asymmetrical it is known as the asymmetrical breaking
current.

**Breaking capacity (MVA) = Rated symmetrical breaking current (kA) × Rated service
voltage (kV) × √3**

## Making capacity:

A circuit breaker may complete a full short circuit on being closed. This is known
as making capacity.

**Making capacity = 1.8 × √2 × Symmetrical breaking capacity.**

## Short time rating: 

Circuit breaker should be capable of carrying high currents safely and without showing
undue stress for a specified short period in a closed position. This is known as
short time rating. 

This happens in case of momentary fault like bird age on the transmission lines 
and the fault is automatically cleared and persists only for 1 or 2 seconds. For
this reason the circuit breakers are short time rated and they trip only when the
fault persists for a duration longer than the specified time limit.    

### Other Factors

Generally the fault current  at various voltage levels  expected are standardised
while manufacturing a [circuit breaker](http://www.studyelectrical.com/2014/05/circuit-breaker-operating-principle-and.html),
considering the hike in fault currents in future due to adding of different sources.
The voltage level and expected fault current are given below.

220kV 40kA

110kV 31.5kA

66kV

11kV 250MVA

433V 25MVA

240V      5MVA

 

The various types of circuit breakers are Bulk oil circuit breakers (BOCB), Minimum
oil circuit breakers (MOCB), [Air blast circuit breakers (ABCB)](http://www.studyelectrical.com/2014/05/air-blast-circuit-breakers.html),
[Vacuum circuit breakers (VCB)](http://www.studyelectrical.com/2014/11/vacuum-circuit-breaker-vcb-working-construction.html),
[SF6 gas circuit breakers](http://www.studyelectrical.com/2014/07/sulphur-hexaflouride-sf6-circuit-breaker-construction-working-advantages.html)
etc. 
  SF6 CBs and VCBs are superior in performance compared with other types and
hence selected for this particular [sub station design](http://www.studyelectrical.com/2014/06/substation-design-criteria-and-studies.html)
for 220 & 110 KV side and 11 KV side respectively.

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